Campbell CM10K Specifikace stáhnout pdf (Strana 9)

Variable Range Resolution Mode of

measurement

/observation

Required measurement

uncertainty

Output

averaging

time

Air

temperature

-80 – +60

0.1 K Instantaneous

0.1 K (> -40

C and ≤ +40

1 min

Relative

Humidity

0 – 100% 1 % Instantaneous 1% 1 min

Precipitation

(daily)

0 – 500 mm 0.1 mm Totals 0.1 mm (≤ 5 mm)

2% (> 5 mm)

n/a

Solar net

radiation

(daily)

Not specified 1 J m

Totals 0.4 MJ m

(≤ 8 MJ m

)

5% (> 8 MJ m

-2

)

n/a

Table 2: Range, resolution, mode of observation, required uncertainty and typical output averaging time for air

temperature, relative humidity, precipitation and solar net radiation. Table is modified from Annex 1.B Operational

Measurement Uncertainty Requirements and Instrument Performance (WMO 2008).

2.4 Basic Siting Requirements

It is crucial to carefully choose the location where the climate station will be installed to ensure

the highest reliability and quality of the data. Listed below are the basic minimum siting

requirements for a ground-based climate station. We follow here the general guidelines from the

World Meteorological Organization (WMO 2008) and the Environmental Protection Agency

(EPA 1995):

• The climate station (3 m base tower with the instrumentation and the precipitation gauge)

should be located within a cleared and level piece of ground, no smaller than 65-70 m

• The station should NOT be located in the following areas:

o Sloping ground

o Hollows or valleys

o Rooftops

o Permanently shaded areas

o Swamps

o Low places that hold water after rain

• A fence to exclude unauthorized personnel should enclose this area.

• The ground should be covered with short grass or a surface representative of the site (not

asphalt or cement).

• Ideally, the climate station should be located in an area with unobstructed view of the sky

(no obstacles above 5 degrees from the horizon) to fulfill the siting requirements of the

solar radiation sensor (Level 1) (see Table 3). If it is impossible to find a location with

these characteristics that fulfills both the requirements outlined above, then the station

should be located based on the siting requirements for temperature and precipitation

(Level 2). If a suitable location for the solar radiation sensor cannot be found within the

vicinity of the climate station (~100 m), then a separate site for the solar radiation sensor

may be required (Level 3).

• If no suitable locations can be found that fulfill Level 2 siting requirements, then find the

site that most closely approximates the siting requirements for precipitation and

temperature measurements and document site conditions carefully (see Section 2.8)

(Level 4). A workflow describing this process and each of the levels is shown in Figure 2.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 ... 94 95

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